Recognised by William the Conqueror as a strategically important site, Rockingham was established as an administrative base of the Normans by the end of the 11th century. But William was only continuing the trend set much earlier by pre-historic settlers. The natural defences encompassing this elevated site made it an ideal location for commanding the valley below, and since the Iron Age a hill fort of some description appears to have been positioned here.

William's castle was probably the most substantial building to be erected and, when completed, was capable of accommodating as many as three thousand people. As Rockingham Castle was surrounded by good hunting forests, and the facilities could cope with large parties, it became a perfect base for the sporting trips enjoyed by many royals. The castle remained a popular venue with successive kings, notably King John in the early years of the 13th century who not only enjoyed numerous hunting trips but also conducted much State business whilst staying at Rockingham Castle. Towards the end of the same century, Edward I demonstrated a keen interest in retaining this castle as a major royal residence by instigating a major programme of works to repair and refurbish the building.

As well as extending and modernising the interiors, he upgraded the original fortifications, which were further enhanced by Edward II. For the next 100 years or so the castle was well maintained, and remained in use both as a royal residence and an administrative centre for State affairs. By the 15th century, however, Government operations were being handled almost entirely in London, and Rockingham Castle had ceased to become such an important venue. Consequently, Henry V was the last king to stay at Rockingham in 1422, and it was subsequently granted to Henry VI's queen and Edward IV's queen. Despite some general repairs being carried out during the succeeding years, the castle was found to be near derelict by the mid-16th century.

It was at this time that Edward Watson was able to take a lease on the Rockingham estate, and for thirty years he worked on transforming the old medieval castle into a comfortable Tudor home. In 1619 Crown ownership of Rockingham Castle ended when King James I sold to Watson's grandson. Generations of the same family have occupied the castle now for some 400 years, each leaving their own mark on this magnificent house. Today the castle represents a golden-coloured architectural delight spanning some seven centuries of building.

The castle confines are entered through the massive drum towers of the original gatehouse, so beginning a fascinating journey through the ages. Fragments of Norman masonry emerge from the Tudor heart of the house, while Victorian alterations provide the house with an additional dimension, highlighting Rockingham's heyday as a splendid 19th century mansion. Family portraits, 17th century weaponry, and 20th century naval memorabilia all have their place in the castle among the contemporary décor and artefacts of the various periods of occupancy.

Several footpaths run across the gardens and park allowing a full exploration of the surrounding grounds to Rockingham Castle, but there is a dedicated visitor trail taking in all the main areas, including a circular rose garden laid out on the site of the Norman keep, and the 17th century church of St Leonard. Although much restored and modified over the years, there has probably been a church on this site since the 13th century serving the castle and the village. Views of the surrounding countryside are quite stunning on a clear day, and it is possible to see across five counties.